$[-2, \sqrt{2})$ . $\displaystyle y=\sqrt{2}\left[\sqrt{\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^{2}+\frac{1}{4}}-\sqrt{\left(x+\frac{1}{2}\right)^{2}+\frac{9}{4}}\right], A(x, 0), B\left(\frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right), C\left(-\frac{1}{2}, \frac{3}{2}\right)$. 利用几何意义,$y=\sqrt{2}(|A B|-|A C|)$ ,根据两边之差小于第三边,又注意到 $A, B, C$三点共线时可以取到 -2 ,故 $$ \begin{aligned} f(x) & =\frac{-4 x-4}{\sqrt{2 x^{2}-2 x+1}+\sqrt{2 x^{2}+2 x+5}}=\frac{4 t}{\sqrt{2 t^{2}+6 t+5}+\sqrt{2 t^{2}+2 t+5}} \\ & =\frac{4}{\sqrt{2+\frac{6}{t}+\frac{5}{t^{2}}}+\sqrt{2+\frac{2}{t}+\frac{5}{t^{2}}}} \end{aligned} $$ 令 $t=-(x+1)$ ,考虑 $t>0$ 的情况,显然 $t \rightarrow+\infty$ 时,原式最大值为 $\sqrt{2}$ .