中册 4.1 不定积分计算 第12题

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📝 题目

12.求下列不定积分. (1) $\displaystyle \int \frac{\ln (1+x)}{x^{2}} \mathrm{~d} x$ . (2) $\displaystyle \int \frac{\ln \left(1+x^{2}\right)}{x^{2}} \mathrm{~d} x$ . (3) $\displaystyle \int \frac{\ln ^{3} x}{x^{2}} \mathrm{~d} x$ . (4) $\displaystyle \int \frac{\ln ^{2} x}{x^{3}} \mathrm{~d} x$ . (5) $\displaystyle \int \frac{x}{1+x^{2}} \ln \left(1+x^{2}\right) \mathrm{d} x$ . (6) $\displaystyle \int \frac{x \ln x}{\left(1+x^{2}\right)^{2}} \mathrm{~d} x$ .

💡 答案解析

\section*{解题过程:} (1) $\displaystyle \int \frac{\ln (1+x)}{x^{2}} \mathrm{~d} x=\int \ln (1+x) \mathrm{d}\left(-\frac{1}{x}\right)=-\frac{1}{x} \ln (1+x)+\int \frac{\mathrm{d} x}{x(1+x)}=-\frac{1}{x} \ln (1+x)+\ln \left|\frac{x}{1+x}\right|+C$ . (2) $\displaystyle \int \frac{\ln \left(1+x^{2}\right)}{x^{2}} \mathrm{~d} x=\int \ln \left(1+x^{2}\right) \mathrm{d}\left(-\frac{1}{x}\right)=-\frac{1}{x} \ln \left(1+x^{2}\right)+2 \int \frac{\mathrm{~d} x}{1+x^{2}}=-\frac{1}{x} \ln \left(1+x^{2}\right)+2 \arctan x+C$ . (3) $\displaystyle \int \frac{\ln ^{3} x}{x^{2}} \mathrm{~d} x=-\frac{\ln ^{3} x}{x}+3 \int \frac{\ln ^{2} x}{x^{2}} \mathrm{~d} x=-\frac{\ln ^{3} x+3 \ln ^{2} x}{x}+6 \int \frac{\ln x}{x^{2}} \mathrm{~d} x$ $$ =-\frac{\ln ^{3} x+3 \ln ^{2} x+6 \ln x}{x}+6 \int \frac{1}{x^{2}} \mathrm{~d} x=-\frac{\ln ^{3} x+3 \ln ^{2} x+6 \ln x+6}{x}+C . $$ (4) $\displaystyle \int \frac{\ln ^{2} x}{x^{3}} \mathrm{~d} x=-\frac{1}{2} \int \ln ^{2} x \mathrm{~d}\left(\frac{1}{x^{2}}\right)=-\frac{1}{2} \frac{\ln ^{2} x}{x^{2}}+\frac{1}{2} \int \frac{1}{x^{2}} \cdot 2 \ln x \cdot \frac{1}{x} \mathrm{~d} x$ $$ =-\frac{1}{2} \frac{\ln ^{2} x}{x^{2}}-\frac{1}{2} \int \ln x \mathrm{~d}\left(\frac{1}{x^{2}}\right)=-\frac{\ln ^{2} x}{2 x^{2}}-\frac{\ln x}{2 x^{2}}-\frac{1}{4 x^{2}}+C . $$ (5)令 $t=1+x^{2}$ ,则 $$ \begin{aligned} \int \frac{x}{1+x^{2}} \ln \left(1+x^{2}\right) \mathrm{d} x & =\frac{1}{2} \int \frac{1}{1+x^{2}} \ln \left(1+x^{2}\right) \mathrm{d}\left(1+x^{2}\right)=\frac{1}{2} \int \frac{1}{t} \ln t \mathrm{~d} t=\frac{1}{4} \int \mathrm{~d} \ln ^{2} t \\ & =\frac{1}{4} \ln ^{2} t+C=\frac{1}{4} \ln ^{2}\left(1+x^{2}\right)+C . \end{aligned} $$ (6) $\displaystyle \int \frac{x \ln x}{\left(1+x^{2}\right)^{2}} \mathrm{~d} x=-\frac{1}{2} \int \ln x \mathrm{~d}\left(\frac{1}{1+x^{2}}\right)=-\frac{\ln x}{2\left(1+x^{2}\right)}+\frac{1}{2} \int \frac{1}{x\left(1+x^{2}\right)} \mathrm{d} x$ $$ =-\frac{\ln x}{2\left(1+x^{2}\right)}+\frac{1}{2} \ln |x|-\frac{1}{4} \ln \left(1+x^{2}\right)+C . $$

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