下册 8.1 二重积分 第33题

数学分析早年真题

📝 题目

33.求下列极限. (1)设 $f(x)$ 有连续导数,$f(a)=0$ ,试求极限: $\displaystyle \lim _{b \rightarrow a^{+}} \frac{1}{(a-b)^{3}} \iint_{D} x f(y) \mathrm{d} x \mathrm{~d} y$ ,其中 $D$ 是由直线 $y=a, y=x, x=b(b>a)$ 所围成的区域。 (2)求 $\displaystyle \lim _{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{\int_{0}^{x} \mathrm{~d} u \int_{0}^{u^{2}} \arctan (1+t) \mathrm{d} t}{x(1-\cos x)}$ . (3)设 $D=[0,1] \times[0,1], f(x, y)$ 是定义在 $D$ 上的二元函数,$f(0,0)=0$ ,且 $f(x, y)$ 在点 $(0,0)$ 处可微,求 $\displaystyle \lim _{x \rightarrow 0^{+}} \frac{1}{1-\mathrm{e}^{-\frac{x^{4}}{4}}} \int_{0}^{x^{2}} \mathrm{~d} t \int_{x}^{\sqrt{t}} f(t, u) \mathrm{d} u$ 。 (4)设函数 $f(x)$ 在点 $x=12$ 的某邻域内可导,且 $f(12)=0, \lim _{x \rightarrow 12} f^{\prime}(x)=1001$ ,试求极限 $\displaystyle \lim _{x \rightarrow 12} \frac{\int_{12}^{x} u \int_{u}^{12} f(t) \mathrm{d} t \mathrm{~d} u}{(12-x)^{3}}$ . (5)设 $f(x)$ 为可导函数,且 $\lim _{x \rightarrow 1} f(x)=0, \lim _{x \rightarrow 1} f^{\prime}(x)=2004$ ,求极限: $$ \lim _{x \rightarrow 1} \frac{1}{(1-x)^{3}} 6 \int_{1}^{x} y\left(\int_{y}^{1} f(u) \mathrm{d} u\right) \mathrm{d} y . \text { } $$ (6)设 $f(x)$ 为连续函数,求极限 $\displaystyle \lim _{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{1}{x^{5}} \int_{0}^{x} \mathrm{~d} u \int_{u^{2}}^{0} t f(t) \mathrm{d} t$ .

💡 答案解析

\section*{解题过程:} (1)由于 $$ \iint_{D} x f(y) \mathrm{d} x \mathrm{~d} y=\int_{a}^{b} f(y) \mathrm{d} y \int_{y}^{b} x \mathrm{~d} x=\frac{1}{2} \int_{a}^{b}\left(b^{2}-y^{2}\right) f(y) \mathrm{d} y=\frac{1}{2}\left(b^{2} \int_{a}^{b} f(y) \mathrm{d} y-\int_{a}^{b} y^{2} f(y) \mathrm{d} y\right) . $$ 所以 $\displaystyle \lim _{b \rightarrow a^{+}} \frac{1}{(a-b)^{3}} \iint_{D} x f(y) \mathrm{d} x \mathrm{~d} y=\frac{1}{2} \lim _{b \rightarrow a^{+}} \frac{1}{(b-a)^{3}}\left[b^{2} \int_{a}^{b} f(y) \mathrm{d} y-\int_{a}^{b} y^{2} f(y) \mathrm{d} y\right]$ $$ \begin{aligned} & =\frac{1}{2} \lim _{b \rightarrow a^{+}} \frac{2 b \int_{a}^{b} f(y) \mathrm{d} y+b^{2} f(b)-b^{2} f(b)}{3(b-a)^{2}} \\ & =\frac{1}{3} \lim _{b \rightarrow a^{+}} \frac{\int_{a}^{b} f(y) \mathrm{d} y+b f(b)}{2(b-a)}=\frac{1}{6} \lim _{b \rightarrow a^{+}}\left(2 f(b)+b f^{\prime}(b)\right)=\frac{1}{6} a f^{\prime}(a) . \end{aligned} $$ (2)记 $\displaystyle g(u)=\int_{0}^{u^{2}} \arctan (1+t) \mathrm{d} t, f(x)=\frac{\int_{0}^{x} g(u) \mathrm{d} u}{x(1-\cos x)}$ ,则 $g^{\prime}(u)=2 u \arctan \left(1+u^{2}\right)$ 。于是 $$ \lim _{x \rightarrow 0} f(x)=\lim _{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{\int_{0}^{x} g(u) \mathrm{d} u}{x(1-\cos x)}=\lim _{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{\int_{0}^{x} g(u) \mathrm{d} u}{x \cdot \frac{x^{2}}{2}}=\lim _{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{g(x)}{\frac{3 x^{2}}{2}}=\lim _{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{g^{\prime}(x)}{3 x}=\lim _{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{2 x \arctan \left(1+x^{2}\right)}{3 x}=\frac{\pi}{6} . $$ (3)交换积分顺序得 $\int_{0}^{x^{2}} \mathrm{~d} t \int_{\sqrt{t}}^{x} f(t, u) \mathrm{d} u=\int_{0}^{x} \mathrm{~d} u \int_{0}^{u^{2}} f(t, u) \mathrm{d} t$ 。于是 $$ \lim _{x \rightarrow 0^{+}} \frac{\int_{0}^{x^{2}} \mathrm{~d} t \int_{x}^{\sqrt{t}} f(t, u) \mathrm{d} u}{1-\mathrm{e}^{-\frac{x^{4}}{4}}}=\lim _{x \rightarrow 0^{+}} \frac{-\int_{0}^{x^{2}} \mathrm{~d} t \int_{\sqrt{t}}^{x} f(t, u) \mathrm{d} u}{\frac{x^{4}}{4}}=-4 \lim _{x \rightarrow 0^{+}} \frac{\int_{0}^{x} \mathrm{~d} u \int_{0}^{u^{2}} f(t, u) \mathrm{d} t}{x^{4}}=-\lim _{x \rightarrow 0^{+}} \frac{\int_{0}^{x^{2}} f(t, x) \mathrm{d} t}{x^{3}} . $$ 由于 $f(x, y)$ 在 $(0,0)$ 处可微,故存在 $0<\xi

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