kaoyan1basic 高等数学 第10题
📝 题目
### 【强化篇】第10题(解答题) 10.设 $f(x)=\int_{0}^{x} \mathrm{e}^{t^{2}} \mathrm{~d} t, x \geqslant 0$ . (1)证明: $\int_{0}^{x} \mathrm{e}^{t^{2}} \mathrm{~d} t=x f^{\prime}[x \cdot \theta(x)]$ ,且 $\theta(x)$ 唯一,其中 $0<\theta(x)<1, x>0$ ; (2)求 $\lim _{x \rightarrow 0^{+}} \theta(x)$ .
💡 答案解析
**答案**:(1)证明见解析;(2)$\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}$ **解析**: (1)由积分中值定理,存在$\theta(x)\in(0,1)$使得$\int_0^x e^{t^2}dt=x e^{[\theta(x)x]^2}$。又$f'(x)=e^{x^2}$,故$f'[x\cdot\theta(x)]=e^{[\theta(x)x]^2}$,因此$\int_0^x e^{t^2}dt=x f'[x\cdot\theta(x)]$。由于$e^{t^2}$严格单调,$\theta(x)$唯一。 (2)由(1)得$\int_0^x e^{t^2}dt=x e^{\theta^2(x)x^2}$,即$\displaystyle \frac{1}{x}\int_0^x e^{t^2}dt=e^{\theta^2(x)x^2}$。左边极限为$1$,故$\lim_{x\to0^+}e^{\theta^2(x)x^2}=1$,得$\lim_{x\to0^+}\theta^2(x)x^2=0$,无法直接得$\theta(x)$极限。利用泰勒展开:$\displaystyle \int_0^x e^{t^2}dt=x+\frac{x^3}{3}+o(x^3)$,$e^{\theta^2 x^2}=1+\theta^2 x^2+o(x^2)$,代入得$\displaystyle x+\frac{x^3}{3}+o(x^3)=x(1+\theta^2 x^2+o(x^2))$,即$\displaystyle x+\frac{x^3}{3}+o(x^3)=x+\theta^2 x^3+o(x^3)$,比较得$\displaystyle \theta^2=\frac{1}{3}$,故$\displaystyle \lim_{x\to0^+}\theta(x)=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}$。修正:由$e^{\theta^2 x^2}=1+\theta^2 x^2+o(x^2)$,左边$\displaystyle \frac{1}{x}\int_0^x e^{t^2}dt=1+\frac{x^2}{3}+o(x^2)$,故$\displaystyle 1+\frac{x^2}{3}+o(x^2)=1+\theta^2 x^2+o(x^2)$,得$\displaystyle \theta^2=\frac{1}{3}$,$\displaystyle \lim\theta(x)=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}$。 **难度**:★★★☆☆