kaoyan1basic 高等数学 第1题
📝 题目
### 【基础篇】第1题(解答题) 1.计算下列不定积分. (1) $\int \cos ^{3} x \mathrm{~d} x$ ; (2) $\int \sin ^{3} x \mathrm{~d} x$ ; (3) $\int \sec x \mathrm{~d} x$ ; (4) $\int \sec ^{3} x \mathrm{~d} x$ ; (5) $\displaystyle \int \frac{1}{a^{2}-x^{2}} \mathrm{~d} x(a \neq 0)$ ; (6) $\displaystyle \int \frac{1}{x^{2}-a^{2}} \mathrm{~d} x(a \neq 0)$ ; (7) $\displaystyle \int \frac{1}{a^{2}+x^{2}} \mathrm{~d} x(a \neq 0)$ ; (8) $\displaystyle \int \frac{1}{a^{2}+(x+b)^{2}} \mathrm{~d} x(a \neq 0)$ ; (9) $\displaystyle \int \frac{1}{a^{2}-(x+b)^{2}} \mathrm{~d} x(a>0)$ ; (10) $\displaystyle \int \frac{1}{(x+b)^{2}-a^{2}} \mathrm{~d} x(a>0)$ ; (11) $\displaystyle \int \frac{1}{\sqrt{x^{2}-a^{2}}} \mathrm{~d} x(a>0)$ ; (12) $\displaystyle \int \frac{1}{\sqrt{a^{2}-x^{2}}} \mathrm{~d} x(a>0)$ ; (13) $\displaystyle \int \frac{1}{\sqrt{x^{2}+a^{2}}} \mathrm{~d} x(a>0)$ ; (14) $\int \csc ^{3} x \mathrm{~d} x$ ; (15) $\int \tan ^{2} x \mathrm{~d} x$ ; (16) $\int \tan ^{3} x \mathrm{~d} x$ ; (17) $\int \tan ^{4} x \mathrm{~d} x$ ; (18) $\int \cot ^{3} x \mathrm{~d} x$ ; (19) $\displaystyle \int \frac{\cos x}{1+\sin x} \mathrm{~d} x$ ; (20) $\displaystyle \int \frac{1}{a^{2} \sin ^{2} x+b^{2} \cos ^{2} x} \mathrm{~d} x$ ; (21) $\displaystyle \int \frac{1}{\sin 2 x} \mathrm{~d} x$ ; (22) $\displaystyle \int \frac{1}{\cos 2 x} \mathrm{~d} x$ ; (23) $\displaystyle \int \frac{1}{a+b \cos x} \mathrm{~d} x(a>0, b>0)$ ; (24) $\displaystyle \int \frac{1}{a+b \sin x} \mathrm{~d} x(a>0, b>0)$ .
💡 答案解析
**答案**: (1) $\displaystyle \sin x - \frac{1}{3}\sin^3 x + C$ (2) $\displaystyle -\cos x + \frac{1}{3}\cos^3 x + C$ (3) $\ln|\sec x + \tan x| + C$ (4) $\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}\sec x \tan x + \frac{1}{2}\ln|\sec x + \tan x| + C$ (5) $\displaystyle \frac{1}{2a}\ln\left|\frac{a+x}{a-x}\right| + C$ (6) $\displaystyle \frac{1}{2a}\ln\left|\frac{x-a}{x+a}\right| + C$ (7) $\displaystyle \frac{1}{a}\arctan\frac{x}{a} + C$ (8) $\displaystyle \frac{1}{a}\arctan\frac{x+b}{a} + C$ (9) $\displaystyle \frac{1}{2a}\ln\left|\frac{a+x+b}{a-x-b}\right| + C$ (10) $\displaystyle \frac{1}{2a}\ln\left|\frac{x+b-a}{x+b+a}\right| + C$ (11) $\ln\left|x+\sqrt{x^2-a^2}\right| + C$ (12) $\displaystyle \arcsin\frac{x}{a} + C$ (13) $\ln\left|x+\sqrt{x^2+a^2}\right| + C$ (14) $\displaystyle -\frac{1}{2}\csc x \cot x + \frac{1}{2}\ln|\csc x - \cot x| + C$ (15) $\tan x - x + C$ (16) $\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}\tan^2 x + \ln|\cos x| + C$ (17) $\displaystyle \frac{1}{3}\tan^3 x - \tan x + x + C$ (18) $\displaystyle -\frac{1}{2}\cot^2 x - \ln|\sin x| + C$ (19) $\ln|1+\sin x| + C$ (20) $\displaystyle \frac{1}{ab}\arctan\left(\frac{a\tan x}{b}\right) + C$ (21) $\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}\ln|\tan x| + C$ (22) $\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}\ln|\sec 2x + \tan 2x| + C$ (23) $\displaystyle \frac{2}{\sqrt{a^2-b^2}}\arctan\left(\frac{\sqrt{a-b}\tan\frac{x}{2}}{\sqrt{a+b}}\right) + C$($a>b$) (24) $\displaystyle \frac{2}{\sqrt{a^2-b^2}}\arctan\left(\frac{a\tan\frac{x}{2}+b}{\sqrt{a^2-b^2}}\right) + C$($a>b$) **解析**: 步骤1:利用三角恒等式和分部积分法逐项计算。 步骤2:对于有理函数积分,使用部分分式分解。 步骤3:对于含根号积分,使用三角代换或双曲代换。 **难度**:★★★☆☆